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              <text>Black child holds a document that reads, ‘Freedom to slaves! Jan 5 1863 AL’ </text>
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                <text>Blight, David, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge and London, 2001), p. 259. &#13;
Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge and London, 2001). &#13;
&#13;
Center, Patrick. ‘The history of Allendale’s controversial Civil War statue’, WGVU News, 30 June 2020, https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2020-06-30/the-history-of-allendales-controversial-civil-war-statue.&#13;
&#13;
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, ‘Why So Few Blacks Study the Civil War’, The Atlantic (November, 2011), pp. 142-146.&#13;
&#13;
Donnelly, Francis, ‘West Michigan War Statue: Celebrating slavery’s end or racist?’, The Detroit News, 21 July 2020, https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/07/21/west-michigan-civil-war-statue-racist-celebrating-slaverys-end/5443450002/. &#13;
&#13;
Kransz, Michael, ‘Controversial Confederate soldier statue in West Michigan will remain, township board decides’, MLive Media Group, 14 June 2021, https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2021/06/controversial-confederate-soldier-statue-in-west-michigan-will-remain-township-board-decides.html. &#13;
&#13;
Levin, Kevin, ‘The Problem With Allendale, Michigan’s Civil War Monument’, Kevin Levin (blog), 1 December 2023, https://kevinmlevin.substack.com/p/the-problem-with-allendale-michigans. &#13;
&#13;
Lobo, Arpan, ‘Lawsuit: Allendale Violated Free Speech of Pro-Racial Justice Residents’, The Holland Sentinel, 8 December 2021, https://eu.hollandsentinel.com/story/news/politics/government/2021/12/08/lawsuit-allendale-violated-free-speech-pro-racial-justice-residents/6415735001/#:~:text=GRAND%20RAPIDS%20—%20A%20federal%20lawsuit,the%20township's%20Garden%20of%20Honor.&#13;
&#13;
Lobo, Arpan, ‘Activists Put Up Billboard Calling for Allendale Statue’s Removal’, The Holland Sentinel, 5 January 2021, https://eu.hollandsentinel.com/story/news/politics/county/2021/01/05/activists-put-up-billboard-calling-for-allendale-statuersquos-removal/43310213/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Allendale Charter Township Historical Recognition and Preservation Plan’, 2004, &lt;https://www.gvsu.edu/anthropology/adc/files/document/F3CB1DE2-0B3E-7C9F-CBB16D0944CF8FAC.pdf&gt;. &#13;
&#13;
‘It’s Time for Allendale to Remove its Confederate Statue’, Allendale for Equality, accessed 10 February 2024, https://allendaleforequality.org/#:~:text=About%20Allendale%27s%20Confederate%20Statue,States%20veterans%20from%20multiple%20wars.&#13;
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                <text>The statue features two generic Union and Confederate soldiers standing back-to-back with a crouching enslaved child underneath them. This child is holding a pamphlet granting emancipation. The Union soldier holds a United States flag while the Confederate soldier holds a Confederate flag. The Confederate soldier’s body is cracked, and nose is chipped. The statue is maintained by the township and paid for by taxpayer money. It was one of eight statues erected in celebration of Allendale townships' 150th birthday in 1998, located in the Veteran’s Garden of Honor. Recently, the monument has received much controversy since 2020 and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement.</text>
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                <text>Joyce Sweers</text>
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                <text>The Harriet Tubman National Historical Park is located in Auburn, New York, and offers visitors the opportunity to move around in and interact with a physical space featuring important sites in Tubman's life. The site – partly privately owned, partly owned by the National Park Service – includes Thompson AME Zion Church, the Harriet Tubman Home, and the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged. The Fort Hill Cemetery, with Tubman's grave, is also nearby, though not technically part of the park. While the property had been a public park for decades, it wasn't designated a national historical park until January 10, 2017. </text>
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                <text>DeCarlo, Peter J., ‘The complicated history of St Paul’s Soldiers and Sailors Memorial’, MinnPost, 23 June 2020, https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2020/06/the-complicated-history-of-st-pauls-soldiers-and-sailors-memorial/. &#13;
&#13;
DeCarlo, Peter J., ‘Soldiers and Sailors Memorial, St Paul’, MNOpedia, last modified 3 March 2022, https://www.mnopedia.org/thing/soldiers-and-sailors-memorial-st-paul. &#13;
&#13;
Ringham, Eric, ‘Massacre clouds story of the soldier on Minnesota’s pedestal’, MPR News, 27 September 2018, https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/09/27/iconic-minnesota-soldier-part-of-atrocity. &#13;
Sepic, Matt, ‘Amid debate over Civil War statues, Minn. restores monument to first volunteer soldier’, 18 August 2017, https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/08/18/restorers-preserve-monument-minnesota-civil-war-regular-soldier. &#13;
&#13;
‘Soldiers and Sailors Memorial’, Historic Twin Cities, 28 January 2019, http://www.historictwincities.com/2019/01/28/soldiers-and-sailors-memorial/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Soldiers and Sailors Monument’, St Paul Minnesota, accessed 10 February 2024, https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/parks-and-recreation/recreation-centers/parks-recreation-programs/public-art/soldiers. &#13;
&#13;
‘St. Paul Civil War Memorial’, The Historical Marker Database, accessed 10 February 2024, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=231550. &#13;
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&#13;
Frontiersman, Soldier, Statesman, Educator; A Native Son of Iowa, Adopted Son of Texas.&#13;
&#13;
This plaque dedicated in 2007 by &#13;
&#13;
Iowa Sons of Confederate Veterans &#13;
Texas Sons of Confederate Veterans&#13;
Marmaduke Chapter of Military&#13;
Order of Stars and Bars&#13;
Douds Stone ’&#13;
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                <text>Benner, Judith Ann, ‘Ross, Lawrence Sullivan [Sul] (1838-1898)’, Texas State Historical Association, accessed 15 February 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/ross-lawrence-sullivan-sul. &#13;
&#13;
Munson, Kyle, “Stupid liberals’ vs. white privilege: Iowa caught up in Confederate monuments debate’, The Des Moines Register, 25 August 2017, https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/local/columnists/kyle-munson/2017/08/25/americas-civil-war-over-confederate-monuments-takes-root-iowa/588650001/. &#13;
&#13;
Patterson, Buddy, ‘A Brief History’, Sons of Confederate Veterans Texas Division, accessed 13 April 2024, https://scvtexas.org/about/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Bentonsport Rose Garden’, Villages of Van Buren County, accessed 15 February 2024, https://villagesofvanburen.com/directory.html?item=1577. &#13;
&#13;
‘Iowa’s Confederate General’, The Historical Marker Database, 19 November 2019, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=2565. &#13;
&#13;
‘Lawrence Sullivan Ross’, Wikipedia, accessed 15 February 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Sullivan_Ross#Legacy. &#13;
&#13;
‘Whose Heritage?’, Southern Poverty Law Center, accessed 12 April 2024, https://www.splcenter.org/whose-heritage. &#13;
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to the memory of our&#13;
Confederate Dead&#13;
by the&#13;
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&#13;
There's grandeur in graves, there's glory in gloom&#13;
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As, after the night Looms the sunrise of morn.&#13;
And the graves of the dead with the grass overgrown,&#13;
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Shall yet be a rock in the temple of right.&#13;
[from Abram Joseph Ryan's A Land Without Ruins]&#13;
&#13;
It is sweet and honorable&#13;
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              <text>To The Defenders of the Union&#13;
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Antietam, Gettysburg,&#13;
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Opequan, Appomattox.&#13;
&#13;
They counted not their&#13;
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Wheeling, West Virginia) </text>
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        <element elementId="145">
          <name>Erected by</name>
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              <text>Citizens of Hancock County</text>
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              <text>Bronze,Bronze - white,Zinc</text>
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              <text>To The Perpetual Memory Of The&#13;
Defenders&#13;
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Erected By The&#13;
Citizens of Hancock Co., May 30th 1886.&#13;
&#13;
Upper:&#13;
Yet Loved Ones Have Fallen&#13;
And Still Where They Sleep&#13;
A Sorrowing Nation Shall&#13;
Silently Weep.&#13;
And Spring's Brightest&#13;
Flowers With Gratitude Strew &#13;
O'er Thos Who Once Cherished&#13;
The Red, White, And Blue. </text>
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                <text>This monument features at its apex a Union soldier holding the barrel of a rifle (which is pointed downwards) with both hands. The soldier stands upon a pedestal accented with swag-drapery and two ribboned laurel crowns hanging on either side, under which is engraved the name ‘W.A. Atkinson’.&#13;
In the centre of the pedestal’s front panel is a large engraving of the Grand Army of the Republic badge, worn by the members of the Union Army Veterans’ organisation. The design of the badge consists of three parts; first, an eagle with its wings spread holding a sword in its talons above two cannons and nine stacked cannonballs. Second, an American flag-style ribbon draped beneath the eagle and cannons. Lastly, the G.A.R. medal in the shape of a fine-pointed star depicting the goddess of liberty, a soldier and a sailor clasping hands, with two children kneeling below them. In the star points are the emblems for different branches of service: an anchor for sailors, a bugle for infantry, swords for cavalry, cannons for artillery and muskets for marines. The base of the pedestal is marked ‘Post No. 18 Dep’t W. VA.’ &#13;
The tier below the pedestal is a structure with a roof-top pediment marked ‘Appomattox’, supposedly in reference to the 1865 Appomattox Court House Battle. In a recessed panel beneath the pediment, a bronze plaque engraved with the text ‘Yet Loved Ones Have Fallen…’. Finally, at the base of the tier is the inscription dedicated to the ‘Perpetual Memory Of The Defenders Of The Union, 1861 - 1865. Erected By The Citizens of Hancock Co., May 30th 1886.’</text>
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            <name>Date Issued</name>
            <description>Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1886-05-30</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>2480</text>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>current,40.499302,-80.60877;</text>
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        <name>Europeana</name>
        <description>Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements.</description>
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            <name>Country</name>
            <description>The name of the country of the data provider or “Europe” in the case of Europe-wide projects.</description>
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                <text>USA</text>
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            <name>Europeana Data Provider</name>
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                <text>To The Perpetual Memory (New Cumberland, West Virginia)</text>
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      <name>Site</name>
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          <name>Monument Type</name>
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              <text>Cross</text>
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        <element elementId="106">
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              <text>https://www.cineg.org/wiki/index.php/Valley_Mountain_Confederate_Monument</text>
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          <name>Inscription</name>
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              <text>Sacred to the memory of Confederate soldiers of the 21st and 15th Virginia Reg'ts. Valley Mountain. 1861 &#13;
Non sibi sed patriae. &#13;
Erected by comrades, 1902</text>
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          <name>Erected by</name>
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              <text>Granddaughters of Colonel A.C.L. Gatewood</text>
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          <name>State</name>
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          <name>Town</name>
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              <text>Valley Mountain</text>
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          <name>Funded by</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>United Daughters of the Confederacy, Veterans</text>
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          <name>County</name>
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              <text>Pocahontas County</text>
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          <name>Affiliation</name>
          <description>Monument Function / Affiliation</description>
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              <text>Confederate</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Valley Mountain Confederate Monument</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Site</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This small monumental cross commemorates the fallen Confederate soldiers of the 1861 Battle of Cheat Mountain. The monument sits atop Valley Mountain, where Confederate forces were gathered. It was unveiled in July 1902 before a procession of foot- and mounted men, clergymen, a marching band from Marlinton and an audience of roughly 2,000 civilians. </text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
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            <name>Date Issued</name>
            <description>Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1902-07-17</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>current,38.459667,-80.041694;</text>
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        <name>Europeana</name>
        <description>Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements.</description>
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          <element elementId="100">
            <name>Europeana Type</name>
            <description>The Europeana material type of the resource.</description>
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                <text>TEXT</text>
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          <element elementId="93">
            <name>Europeana Data Provider</name>
            <description>The name or identifier of the organisation that contributes data to Europeana.</description>
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                <text>Valley Mountain Confederate Monument</text>
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            <name>Country</name>
            <description>The name of the country of the data provider or “Europe” in the case of Europe-wide projects.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>USA</text>
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