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&#13;
“A formerly enslaved woman helped found a key American University.” The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/05/10/formerly-enslaved-woman-helped-found-key-american-university/#. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
&#13;
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“Mary Lumpkin.” Richmond Free Press, https://richmondfreepress.com/photos/2020/feb/14/290018/. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
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                <text>One of the most notorious slave jails in Richmond. Robert Lumpkin purchased the facilities in 1844, but the jail was built by Bacon Tait from 1830 on, and later leased to Lewis A. Collier, a fellow Richmond slave trader. Robert Lumpkin ran the jail until the liberation of Richmond by Union Troops on April 2nd, 18 1865. The Jail, also called the 'Devil's Half Acre' due to the horrible treatment of African Americans was used to punish 'runaway slaves', and tragically ripped apart countless families due to the sale of individuals. Countless enslaved Individuals were punished in this jail, the most well-known individual being Anthony Burns. Unfortunately, the majority of names of the individuals passing through this jail have been lost or destroyed. </text>
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              <text>South side: &#13;
KIT CARSON&#13;
DIED MAY 23rd 1869&#13;
AGE 50 YEARS&#13;
&#13;
West side:&#13;
HE LED THE WAY&#13;
&#13;
North Side:&#13;
PIONEER,&#13;
PATHFINDER,&#13;
SOLDIER&#13;
&#13;
East Side:&#13;
ERRECTED BY COMRAES&#13;
OF THE G.A.R.&#13;
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                <text>“Mayor of Santa Fe calls for three monuments to be removed.” Albuquerque Journal, https://www.abqjournal.com/news/mayor-of-santa-fe-calls-for-three-monuments-to-be-removed/article_4add1d20-2bd5-5bc0-a32d-65ee7ad2ee29.html. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
&#13;
“Travel for unveiling of the Kit Carson Monument.” Sierra County Advocate May 30, 1885, https://www.newspapers.com/image/613242997/?terms=Kit%20Carson&amp;match=1. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
&#13;
“Memorial Day.” The Lincoln County Leader, https://www.newspapers.com/image/47603793/?terms=Kit%20Carson&amp;match=1. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
“Statement: Kit Casson Obelisk:” City of Santa Fe,  https://santafenm.gov/news/statement-kit-carson-obelisk. Accessed on 11 Aprl 2024. &#13;
&#13;
“Homeland Security will lead investigation into vandalism of Kit Carson monument.” Yahoo! News, https://news.yahoo.com/homeland-security-lead-investigation-vandalism-033400862.html?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAD2Qm2XOZWDDE6vusBzSTkoIBNHYQmE8MQpu6STdPOpkqUOWRb4naHgnLYEn1tWGCUyUCVkSQKQYl8Pz8x1OrLK24QOCt16fLSTMgiINqCmbsp7WSOUZH5cJzt0shJEeq3Xh0ocZw1eW2WbSpeFhAFiGFZGMDpJLIBFX_YYEodBe. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
&#13;
“Kit Carson Monument.” The New Mexican Review, https://www.newspapers.com/image/582963990/?terms=Kit%20Carson%20&amp;match=1. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
&#13;
“Garlands of Glory.” The New Mexican Review,https://www.newspapers.com/image/582963990/?terms=Kit%20Carson%20&amp;match=1. Accessed on 11 April 2024. &#13;
“Kit Carson Monument.” Santa Fe Library, https://santafelibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/18/2023/06/Kit-Carson-monument-2.pdf. Accessed on 11 April 2024&#13;
“Kit Carson.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Carson. Accessed on 11 April 2024 &#13;
Simmons, Marc (January 26, 1902). "Remembering Santa Fe's Forgotten Monument. "New Mexican, https://www.newspapers.com/image/583502437/?terms=%22Remembering%20Santa%20Fe%27s%20Forgotten%20Monument%22&amp;match=1. Accessed on 11 April 2024  &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Blight, David, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge and London, 2001), p. 259. &#13;
Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge and London, 2001). &#13;
&#13;
Center, Patrick. ‘The history of Allendale’s controversial Civil War statue’, WGVU News, 30 June 2020, https://www.wgvunews.org/news/2020-06-30/the-history-of-allendales-controversial-civil-war-statue.&#13;
&#13;
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, ‘Why So Few Blacks Study the Civil War’, The Atlantic (November, 2011), pp. 142-146.&#13;
&#13;
Donnelly, Francis, ‘West Michigan War Statue: Celebrating slavery’s end or racist?’, The Detroit News, 21 July 2020, https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/07/21/west-michigan-civil-war-statue-racist-celebrating-slaverys-end/5443450002/. &#13;
&#13;
Kransz, Michael, ‘Controversial Confederate soldier statue in West Michigan will remain, township board decides’, MLive Media Group, 14 June 2021, https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2021/06/controversial-confederate-soldier-statue-in-west-michigan-will-remain-township-board-decides.html. &#13;
&#13;
Levin, Kevin, ‘The Problem With Allendale, Michigan’s Civil War Monument’, Kevin Levin (blog), 1 December 2023, https://kevinmlevin.substack.com/p/the-problem-with-allendale-michigans. &#13;
&#13;
Lobo, Arpan, ‘Lawsuit: Allendale Violated Free Speech of Pro-Racial Justice Residents’, The Holland Sentinel, 8 December 2021, https://eu.hollandsentinel.com/story/news/politics/government/2021/12/08/lawsuit-allendale-violated-free-speech-pro-racial-justice-residents/6415735001/#:~:text=GRAND%20RAPIDS%20—%20A%20federal%20lawsuit,the%20township's%20Garden%20of%20Honor.&#13;
&#13;
Lobo, Arpan, ‘Activists Put Up Billboard Calling for Allendale Statue’s Removal’, The Holland Sentinel, 5 January 2021, https://eu.hollandsentinel.com/story/news/politics/county/2021/01/05/activists-put-up-billboard-calling-for-allendale-statuersquos-removal/43310213/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Allendale Charter Township Historical Recognition and Preservation Plan’, 2004, &lt;https://www.gvsu.edu/anthropology/adc/files/document/F3CB1DE2-0B3E-7C9F-CBB16D0944CF8FAC.pdf&gt;. &#13;
&#13;
‘It’s Time for Allendale to Remove its Confederate Statue’, Allendale for Equality, accessed 10 February 2024, https://allendaleforequality.org/#:~:text=About%20Allendale%27s%20Confederate%20Statue,States%20veterans%20from%20multiple%20wars.&#13;
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                <text>The Harriet Tubman National Historical Park is located in Auburn, New York, and offers visitors the opportunity to move around in and interact with a physical space featuring important sites in Tubman's life. The site – partly privately owned, partly owned by the National Park Service – includes Thompson AME Zion Church, the Harriet Tubman Home, and the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged. The Fort Hill Cemetery, with Tubman's grave, is also nearby, though not technically part of the park. While the property had been a public park for decades, it wasn't designated a national historical park until January 10, 2017. </text>
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              <text>Side 1, West side -‘To perpetuate the memory of the Union Soldiers and Sailors of the War of 1861 — 1865 · Their patriotism inspired unquestioning devotion · Their valor was attested on hard-won battlefields · Their suffering and sacrifice exalted the glorious cause and ennobled the splendid triumph.’ Side 2, North side - ‘The victories they helped achieve preserved the Union of the States · Abolished slavery · Established the National Prestige · Opened new avenues for the development of man and the advancement of liberty.’ Side 3, East side - ‘Erected through the instrumentality of the Allied Organizations of the City of St. Paul · Grand Army of the Republic · A.D. 1903 · The statue represents Josias R. King · The first man to volunteer in the First Minnesota Infantry · The first regiment tendered the government for the suppression of the rebellion.’</text>
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                <text>DeCarlo, Peter J., ‘The complicated history of St Paul’s Soldiers and Sailors Memorial’, MinnPost, 23 June 2020, https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2020/06/the-complicated-history-of-st-pauls-soldiers-and-sailors-memorial/. &#13;
&#13;
DeCarlo, Peter J., ‘Soldiers and Sailors Memorial, St Paul’, MNOpedia, last modified 3 March 2022, https://www.mnopedia.org/thing/soldiers-and-sailors-memorial-st-paul. &#13;
&#13;
Ringham, Eric, ‘Massacre clouds story of the soldier on Minnesota’s pedestal’, MPR News, 27 September 2018, https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/09/27/iconic-minnesota-soldier-part-of-atrocity. &#13;
Sepic, Matt, ‘Amid debate over Civil War statues, Minn. restores monument to first volunteer soldier’, 18 August 2017, https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/08/18/restorers-preserve-monument-minnesota-civil-war-regular-soldier. &#13;
&#13;
‘Soldiers and Sailors Memorial’, Historic Twin Cities, 28 January 2019, http://www.historictwincities.com/2019/01/28/soldiers-and-sailors-memorial/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Soldiers and Sailors Monument’, St Paul Minnesota, accessed 10 February 2024, https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/parks-and-recreation/recreation-centers/parks-recreation-programs/public-art/soldiers. &#13;
&#13;
‘St. Paul Civil War Memorial’, The Historical Marker Database, accessed 10 February 2024, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=231550. &#13;
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                <text>The St Paul Soldiers and Sailors Monument honours United States veterans of the Civil War and their victories for the union and abolition of slavery. The statue depicts Josias R. King, said to be the first Minnesotan to volunteer to fight for the union and is sculpted out of Vermont marble. The statue features King standing and holding a rifle and has a distinct backdrop of the Cathedral of St Paul. The statue is maintained and funded for by the city of St. Paul and has undergone multiple restorations. </text>
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              <text>‘General Lawrence Sullivan ‘Sul’ Ross, CSA, was born in Bentonsport, Iowa, Van Buren County on September 27, 1838. His family moved to Texas in 1839, where he grew to manhood. In 1859, Sul Ross was commissioned a Captain in the Texas Rangers, fought Comanches, rescued Cynthia Ann Parker (Mother of Quanah Parker), and in 1861, enlisted as a Private in the 6th Texas Cavalry CSA. He rose rapidly through the ranks to become Brigadier General of the 6th Texas Cavalry and later Brigade Commander, Jackson’s Division, Forrest’s Cavalry Corps. Gen. Sul Ross took part in 135 battles, including Elkhorn Tavern, Corinth, the Atlanta and Franklin-Nashville Campaigns. He returned to Texas after the Civil War and served as Sheriff of McLennan County, Texas, Governor of Texas from 1887-1891, and President of Texas A&amp;M University from 1891 until his death in 1898. &#13;
&#13;
Frontiersman, Soldier, Statesman, Educator; A Native Son of Iowa, Adopted Son of Texas.&#13;
&#13;
This plaque dedicated in 2007 by &#13;
&#13;
Iowa Sons of Confederate Veterans &#13;
Texas Sons of Confederate Veterans&#13;
Marmaduke Chapter of Military&#13;
Order of Stars and Bars&#13;
Douds Stone ’&#13;
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                <text>Benner, Judith Ann, ‘Ross, Lawrence Sullivan [Sul] (1838-1898)’, Texas State Historical Association, accessed 15 February 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/ross-lawrence-sullivan-sul. &#13;
&#13;
Munson, Kyle, “Stupid liberals’ vs. white privilege: Iowa caught up in Confederate monuments debate’, The Des Moines Register, 25 August 2017, https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/local/columnists/kyle-munson/2017/08/25/americas-civil-war-over-confederate-monuments-takes-root-iowa/588650001/. &#13;
&#13;
Patterson, Buddy, ‘A Brief History’, Sons of Confederate Veterans Texas Division, accessed 13 April 2024, https://scvtexas.org/about/. &#13;
&#13;
‘Bentonsport Rose Garden’, Villages of Van Buren County, accessed 15 February 2024, https://villagesofvanburen.com/directory.html?item=1577. &#13;
&#13;
‘Iowa’s Confederate General’, The Historical Marker Database, 19 November 2019, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=2565. &#13;
&#13;
‘Lawrence Sullivan Ross’, Wikipedia, accessed 15 February 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Sullivan_Ross#Legacy. &#13;
&#13;
‘Whose Heritage?’, Southern Poverty Law Center, accessed 12 April 2024, https://www.splcenter.org/whose-heritage. &#13;
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